CT在真菌性鼻窦炎诊断中的价值

目的 探讨CT在真菌性鼻窦炎诊断中的价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的30例真菌性鼻窦炎患者的临床表现、CT特征及术中所见。结果 CT征象：病变的窦腔内为不均匀的密度增高影，其中17例病变窦腔内呈不规则点状或片状钙化影，5例上颌窦内壁骨质吸收破坏，上颌窦口扩大11例，上颌窦骨壁增生硬化16例。CT诊断鼻窦炎27例，其中真菌性鼻窦炎23例，上颌窦占位性病变3例。结论 窦腔内散在点状、片状钙化的软组织充填是真菌性鼻窦炎CT诊断的主要征象。CT在真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断中具有重要价值。     

A systematic review on SARS-CoV-2-associated fungal coinfections

A severe pandemic of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has been sweeping the globe since 2019, and this time, it did not stop, with frequent mutations transforming into virulent strains, for instance, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.427. In recent months, a fungal infection, mucormycosis has emerged with more fatal responses and significantly increased mortality rate. To measure the severity and potential alternative approaches against black fungus coinfection in COVID-19 patients, PubMed, Google Scholar, World Health Organization (WHO) newsletters, and other online resources, based on the cases reported and retrospective observational analysis were searched from the years 2015–2021. The studies reporting mucormycosis with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coinfection and/or demonstrating potential risk factors, such as a history of diabetes mellitus or suppressed immune system were included, and reports published in non-English language were excluded. More than 20 case reports and observational studies on black fungus coinfection in COVID-19 patients were eligible for inclusion. The results indicated that diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemic, and immunocompromised COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis were at a higher risk. We found that it was prudent to assess the potential risk factors and severity of invasive mycosis via standardized diagnostic and clinical settings. Large-scale studies need to be conducted to identify early biomarkers and optimization of diagnostic methods has to be established per population and geographical variation. This will not only help clinicians around the world to detect the coinfection in time but also will prepare them for future outbreaks of other potential pandemics.     

灵芝治疗毒蕈中毒疗效分析

目的探讨灵芝对毒蕈中毒的治疗效果．方法将84例毒蕈中毒病人随机分为实验组（42例）和对照组（42例）,对照组给予常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗基础上加用灵芝煎液口服,比较两组疗效及脏器损害情况．结果实验组疗效明显好于对照组（P〈0．05）,实验组住院天数明显缩短,脏器损害程度减轻,两组肝、肾功能比较,实验组在2～4d达到高峰,对照组则在5—7d后才达到高峰．比较两组各项指标,实验组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．结论灵芝治疗毒蕈中毒疗效明显,可有效降低死亡率、减少住院天数,减轻病人经济负担．     

白木香内生真菌R7抗菌活性代谢产物

目的 研究白木香内生真菌Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum发酵液的化学成分.方法 采用多种柱色谱技术对发酵液中的化学成分进行分离鉴定,根据波谱数据和理化性质鉴定化合物的结构.并用杯碟法和滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococc...     

COPD继发肺部真菌感染76例临床分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病患者医院内肺部真菌感染的危险因素及治疗方法。方法对2010年1月～2011年12月笔者所在医院收治的76例COPD继发肺部真菌感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 76例患者中,治愈率65.79%(50/76),有效率19.74%(15/76),无效率9.21%(7/76),死亡率5.26%(4/76)。结论针对COPD患者临床病死率较高的情况,尽量消除患者医院内肺部真菌感染的危险因素,从而降低病死率。     

白蚁菌圃抗炎机制的研究

目的 探讨白蚁菌圃抗炎的作用机制。方法 采用角叉菜胶致正常及切除双侧肾上腺小鼠足肿胀;角叉菜胶致大鼠胸膜炎;蛋清致小鼠足肿胀的炎症模型。分别用酶联免疫吸附法、紫外分光光度法和荧光分光光度法测炎性渗出液中白三烯(LTB4)、前列腺(PGE2)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)及组胺的水平。结果 角叉菜胶致正常组及去肾上腺组小鼠足肿胀炎症组织及血清中PGE2含量与阴性对照组比有显著性差异;在蛋清致足肿胀中的组胺和5-羟色胺的含量与阴性对照组比有显著性差异;在角叉菜胶致胸膜炎大鼠胸腔渗出液中白三烯含量与阴性对照组比有显著性差异。结论 白蚁菌圃的抗炎作用可能与其抑制炎症部位PGE2、LTB4、5-HT及组胺的水平有关,其抗炎作用不依赖下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统的调节。     

肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的影响因素探讨

目的 探讨肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的影响因素。方法对我院收治的肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的患者39例（病例组）和同期单纯肺结核患者51例（对照组）进行对照研究。所有研究对象均采用统一的调查问卷方式。结果病例组与对照组在复肺结核、继发性肺结核、长期使用广谱抗生素、糖皮质激素类药物及痰涂片抗酸染色阴性治此5项指标之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。增加合并肺部真菌感染的风险。结论了解肺结核合并肺部真菌感染的影响因素,对于本病的早期诊断提供参考依据。     

4种石杉科植物中产生石杉碱甲的内生真菌的分离及初步鉴定和HPLC测定石杉碱甲的含量

目的 从4种石杉科植物中得到产生石杉碱甲（Huperzine A）的内生真菌,改进筛选内生真菌的培养条件。方法 消毒后的材料在培养基上培养和分离其内生真菌,HPLC检测代谢产物,显微形态鉴定菌种。结果 从蛇足石杉,长柄石杉,伏贴石杉,柳杉叶马尾杉中分离得到32株内生真菌,其中从柳杉叶马尾杉分离出的2株内生真菌能够产生石杉碱甲,分别是HA15.（芽胞菌属）和HA23.（葡萄孢属）。结论 首次从柳杉叶马尾杉中分离出能产生石杉碱甲的内生真菌。     

Infection of adult Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae

This study describes a laboratory investigation on the use of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against adult Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. At a dosage of 1.6 x 10(10)conidia/m(2), applied on material that served as a mosquito resting site, an average of 87.1+/-2.65% of Ae. aegypti and 89.3+/-2.2% of Ae. albopictus became infected with the fungus. The life span of fungus-contaminated mosquitoes of both species was significantly reduced compared to uninfected mosquitoes. LT(50)-values of fungus-contaminated mosquitoes ranged between 3.1+/-0.2 days (male Ae. aegypti) and 4.1+/-0.3 days (female Ae. aegypti). LT(50)-values of uncontaminated mosquitoes ranged from 17.7+/-0.4 days (female Ae. albopictus) to 19.7+/-0.6 days (male Ae. albopictus). These results indicate that both mosquito species are highly susceptible to infection with this entomopathogen. Requirements for developing and incorporating this biological control method into current strategies to control major diseases vectored by these species, such as dengue fever, are discussed.     

北极海洋来源真菌Aspergillus sp. HDN19-401次级代谢产物的研究

摘要：目的 研究北极海洋来源真菌Aspergillus sp. HDN19-401的次级代谢产物及其生物活性。方法 采用反相硅胶柱色 谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、半制备HPLC等方法分离纯化该菌株的发酵粗提物,通过ESI-MS、NMR等波谱数据分析并与 文献对比确定化合物的结构,最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC)采用微量肉汤稀释法测定,抗肿瘤活性采用 MTT法测定。结果与讨论 从Aspergillus sp. HDN19-401中分离得到9个化合物,通过对比核磁数据确定为：6-O-methylaverufin (1)、6,8-di-O-methylaverufin (2)、6,8-di-O-methylnidurufin (3)、aversin (4)、oxisterigmatocystin A (5)、oxisterigmatocystin B (6)、 fellutamide C (7)、notoamides B (8)、notoamides C (9),除化合物2外,其余均为首次从极地来源真菌中分离得到,化合物7对 K562细胞系具有中等的抑制活性,IC50值为7.78 μmol/L。